Redundancy in New Zealand: Procedural Fairness and Remedies

Repetition in New Zealand: Procedural Fairness and Remedies ArJun Sree Raman Title of the examination Excess in New Zealand: Procedural Fairness, Substantive Grounds, and Remedies. Presentation Excess has become an ordinary piece of hierarchical life, analysts are foreseeing that both the rate and the degree of occupation misfortunes through repetition are probably going to proceed with well into the twenty first century (for example Appelbaum and Donia, 2001a; Cascio, 2002; Dawkins et al., 1999). By and large redundancies inside an association happen when there is a decrease in organization income and additionally work accessible or the organization is hoping to rebuild and smooth out the association (Wooden, 1988). In these conditions the representative may find that their position is surplus to the companys prerequisites or necessities. In this manner, the association or boss will report to the representative or workers influenced that their agreements will be ended as their positions will not exist anymore. Repetition in New Zealand  In the New Zealand Employment Law Guide (Rudman, 2014) the Labor Relations Act 1987 characterizes excess as a circumstance where a specialists business is fired by the business, the end being inferable, completely or for the most part, to the way that the position filled by that laborer is, or will become, pointless to the requirements of the business. Along these lines, it is simply the position that is settled on repetitive and the choice to make a position excess ought to have nothing to do with the specific worker who is filling that position. Redundancies must be for certified business reasons and not for some other underlining reasons, for example, capacity or execution issues. Excess is recognized inside New Zealands business relations framework, all things considered in numerous nations. Notwithstanding, as opposed to most of outside wards, progressive governments in New Zealand have chosen not to arrange the law identifying with excess and give authoritative insurance to representatives who face a repetition circumstance (Hughes, 2011). Venn (2009) gives a correlation other Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) nations, featured New Zealands negligible assurance for workers in circumstances including repetition. Specifically, Venn underscored New Zealands immaterial spread in mass repetition circumstances. The accompanying figure obviously portrays the constrained security in relationship to the next OECD nations. Figure 1: Strictness of Employment Protection OECD Countries (Venn, 2009) Impacts of Redundancy  From an authoritative viewpoint, the monetary results of excess are available to discuss (Cascio, 1993; Ryan and Macky, 1998) however it is broadly perceived that for the individual, repetition can prompt a wide scope of negative results. Repetition is every now and again connected with lessened mental prosperity, while long haul joblessness can prompt physiological decay (Leana and Ivancevich, 1987). As Wooden (1988) remarks: The worry about excess stems from the discernment that activity misfortune includes generous financial and mental expenses for the antagonistically a㠯⠬â‚ ¬ected specialist and their family. The laborer made repetitive should quickly manage the stun of occupation misfortune. For instance, excess has been found to affect on representatives regarding loss of assurance, brought down authoritative responsibility, withdrawal practices, for example, non-appearance and expanded turnover, loss of inspiration, question, vulnerability and instability (for example Brockner, 1988; Brockner, Grover and DeWitt, 1992; Dolan and Belout, 2000; Koslowski et al., 1993; Latack, 1990; ONeill and Lenn, 1995; Worrall, Campbell and Cooper, 2000). Waters (2007) concentrate on willful and in-deliberate excess shows the various mentalities and musings representatives are feeling with regards to repetition. Repetition can have genuine ramifications for those it has happened to and can be an incredibly troublesome time during the whole procedure. Representatives dread for the future and obligations they have outside of their working life. Managers should let the rest of the workers express their outrage or disappointment and educate them that it is completely ordinary to communicate their sentiments. Burke (2008) researches the impacts of repetition during a solid economy and low joblessness rates. Burke says that the quantity of individuals encountering repetition is shockingly high. This can come as a stun and be hard for workers who have been with a business for a considerable number of years as they are out of nowhere back in the activity advertise. Searching for an occupation after such a significant number of long periods of working and rivaling a great many other people who have likewise lost their positions can be horrible. As indicated by Burke, Being caused repetitive to can have comparable passionate impacts to loss. Individuals despite everything see a disgrace connected to being caused repetitive and would to feel humiliated or embarrassed about being in the circumstance. Excess additionally brings about a scope of negative monetary results, including interference to work and profession ways, loss of salary, and conceivably à ¯Ã¢ ¬Ã¢ nancial hardship (especially where it is trailed by an all-inclusive time of joblessness). Ewart and Harcourt (2000) surveyed the impacts of a mass repetition at a New Zealand aircraft on a gathering of 139 ground stewards in August, 1991. Discoveries show that the ground stewards post-cutback income have declined about 40% by 1996, from $50-55,000 to $30-35,000. This was an extreme decrease than that recorded in many investigations, in which profit misfortunes of 10 to 20% were progressively normal and 5 to 10% were not bizarre. Ewart and Harcourt distinguished the essential driver to be the non-transferrable profoundly explicit preparing and work encounters to the aircraft business. Moreover, ground stewards additionally communicated significant sentiments of sharpness post-excess as 94% of the respondents imagined th at the organization had taken care of the excusals improperly. The individuals who stay after a time of excess are known as the survivors and are regularly depicted as su㠯⠬â‚ ¬ering from survivor infection (Noer, 1993) or survivor disorder (Appelbaum and Donia, 2001a, 2001b; Brockner, 1988). Noer (1993) de㠯⠬⠁nes survivor ailment as a term that portrays the perspectives, emotions, and discernments that happen in representatives who stay after automatic sta㠯⠬â‚ ¬ decreases. Survivors may display a scope of feelings including dread, frailty, vulnerability, disappointment, hatred, outrage, pity, wretchedness, blame, shamefulness, treachery and doubt (Noer, 1996). Excess effects further on the person through changes to the mental agreement. Rousseau (1995) takes note of that, repetition and rebuilding have forced on laborers business plans they didn't pick. She proposes that the mental agreement, which the worker initially acknowledged, changes as associations rebuild and à ¯Ã¢ ¬Ã¢ nds better approaches for getting things done. During the time spent change, occupations are modified yet workers don't hesitate to renegotiate the agreement. Research Questions The exploration questions proposed underneath are the key center of this repetition study. It centers around factors inside the excess, for example, procedural reasonableness, considerable grounds, and cure. The examination questions are as per the following: What exactly degree do managers follow procedural decency? What exactly degree do businesses have considerable justification for repetition? In circumstances where managers neglect to follow procedural decency and considerable grounds, what are the cures offered to the worker? Low spending aircrafts | Analysis Low spending aircrafts | Analysis Ryan Air Europes First low planned carrier. Ryan air was established in 1985 by the Ryan family head by Tony Ryan. To give booked traveler aircraft benefits among Ireland and the UK. Ryan Air Europe first Low-Fares, No-Frills bearer, offer a point to direct help toward client that was the main European ease Airline in Airline Industry. Ryan Air was a full help customary carrier, with two classes of seating, renting three unique sorts of Aircraft. Ryan air Airlines depends on the model of southwest carriers. Another supervisory group, drove by Michael OLeary. In 1997 organization was coasted in an IPO on the Dublin Stock Exchange and on NASDAQ. (Gerry Johnson, et al, 2008) Statement of purpose of Ryan Air: Ryan air will become Europes most lucrative aircrafts through its saying Low-cost-bearer, straightforward administrations in all market which Ryan air works. Ryan air Objectives: To set up Ryan air as Europes driving Low-Cost aircraft through proceeded with progress and offering of ease spending cost. Ryanair Business Model Ryanair plan of action depends on Southwest Airlines, the profoundly effective Texas based administrator. In any case, Ryanair was affected by the money related challenges in 1990 which required a total rebuild and new plan of action is framed. In 1991, CEO Michael OLeary visited US Southwest Airline and removed their new procedure and plan of action from Southwests Low Cost administration model. Ryanairs Low Cost initiative model incorporates a solitary traveler class, a solitary sort of plane, a straightforward charge plot, open seating, traveling to auxiliary air terminals, quick turnaround times, no free pleasantries, least things remittance, representatives working in different jobs, and age of subordinate income( Baker, 2006). Investigation fortify and shortcoming of Ryanair Quality: System of Ryan air is Marketing-solid marking and notoriety of item. Ryanairs forceful valuing technique makes them not quite the same as other Airline organizations in Europe. Low costing of tickets because of air terminal administrator bargains. A greatest preferred position of Ryanair is Reputation as First Biggest Budget Airline in Europes. Primary quality given to Ryanair by media through free film to individuals from different Controversial issues made in flight and because of the intense choice made by CEO Micha

Poem Features Essays - Out, Out, Robert Frost, British Poetry

Sonnet Features In all sonnets there is a subject, regardless of whether the topic be evident from the beginning or it be one that is hard to track down. Regardless of to what extent or short a sonnet or how confounded or straightforward each sonnet that you read will have a subject. In Beale Road Love by Langston Hughes, the sonnet delineates a subject that would be along the lines of a perilous love. Hughes shows this quality over and over again by portraying a damaging adoration with his amazing words. Despite the fact that the sonnet is short long, the words are amazing to such an extent that it totally takes you aback to a perilous love circumstance. For instance, Hughes uses such words as pulverizing the lips, darkening the eyes, hit me again... These words persuade that there is certainly an inclination of adoration, dread, and humiliation which thusly would prompt a possibly perilous circumstance for whomever was in this quandary. I accept the writer handles this subject very well as in it gives one access on something so normal yet so dreadful. Hughes keeps the sonnet short, basic and to the point and doesn't put on the rose shaded glasses in a manner of speaking. Elizabeth Bishop shows a subject that appears to incorporate of feeling or feeling of misfortune. The creator goes on to portray the islands as though she were investigating a reflection of her past. She states, the islands haven't moved since the previous summer, regardless of whether I like to imagine they have... It readies the peruser for the way that she is about to think back or go over a type of affectionate memory. As she proceeds with she acknowledges how all that she is encountering is much the same as the past. She proceeds to remember about a companion that she held dear to her heart. Diocesan recollects past discussions and fun occasions she encountered with this extraordinary companion. At that point she proceeds to state, you left North Haven, tied down in its stone, above water in spiritualist blue...And presently you've left for good. You can't unsettle or re-organize, your sonnets once more. (Be that as it may, the sparrows can their tune.) The words won't change once more. Pitiful companion, you can't change. This suggests her great companion disregarded and now she is with just her recollections and cheering in the recollections she will consistently have with her exceptional companion. I think the creator handles the topic well indeed. She places the sentiment of misfortune into an exceptional inclination that solitary a memory that one may hold somewhere down in one's heart. She sets the topic of misfortune in a positive state sections managing the topic of misfortune in a discouraging. Robert Frost's subject in Out, Out- is one of misfortune. He illustrates this by beginning his sonnet discussing wood being sawed off and it tumbling to the ground, this is portending for the unavoidable. He proceeds to give portrayal of the saw, through it sounds and its activities. You can tell from the asking of the sonnet that something sad will occur with the saw regardless of whether it be with the one that is working it or somebody who is near it. Ice delineates the kid as simply that a kid completing a keeps an eye on work and because of the reality that it is a kid completing a keeps an eye on work he is imprudent and gets occupied. The young men sister comes outside and discloses to him that supper is prepared and recklessly the kid looses control of the saw removing his hand. The young men first words are Try not to let him cut my hand off-The specialist, when he comes. Try not to let him, sister! This shows the young men dread and the trust that he has in his sister. Ice from the outset persuades that the kid is essentially going to lose his hand yet with the line They tuned in at his heart little-less-nothing! Also, that finished it No more to expand on there You see that the kid lost his life. Ice took care of the subject of misfortune very well he first persuade that what would have been lost was the young men hand yet Frost took it to another level by taking the young men life. I have attempted to show to you that in each sonnet there is a subject. Regardless of the creator or the length of the sonnet. You should ensure that you read the sonnet cautiously and with a receptive outlook to see truly

Cultural Differences in Social Anxiety Disorder

Cultural Differences in Social Anxiety Disorder Social Anxiety Disorder Print How Do Different Cultures Experience Social Anxiety Disorder? By Arlin Cuncic Arlin Cuncic, MA, is the author of Therapy in Focus: What to Expect from CBT for Social Anxiety Disorder and 7 Weeks to Reduce Anxiety. Learn about our editorial policy Arlin Cuncic Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on June 20, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on July 20, 2019 Social Anxiety Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children Social anxiety can vary by culture. Getty / Moment / Shui Ta Shan Cultural differences in social anxiety are known to exist. Research tells us that how  social anxiety disorder (SAD) presents itself can vary depending on where you live and the culture in which you are raised. This makes sense because different cultures have different social rules and expectations. What is considered okay behavior in the United States might be frowned upon in Japan, and vice versa. In addition, research shows that there are differences in the prevalence of SAD in different cultures. Prevalence Rates Results from the National Comorbidity Survey and the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R) show that different cultural groups have different rates of social anxiety. In general, social anxiety is less common in East Asian countries. Findings from the surveys indicated 12-month prevalence rates of 7.1 to 7.9 percent in the United States versus 0.4 percent in Taiwan.South American countries had prevalence rates similar to the United States, while Korea, China, and Japan showed rates of 0.6 percent, 0.2 percent, and 0.8 percent.Results from epidemiological surveys have also indicated high prevalence rates in Russia How Phobias Can Be Affected by Your Culture Cultures at Increased Risk A 2001-2002 national epidemiologic survey of over 40,000 people indicated that there was an increased risk of social anxiety disorder for  native Americans,  younger people, and  those with low incomes. On the other hand, the following groups were at reduced risk for SAD: MalesAsiansHispanicsBlacksPeople  living in urban areas How Culture Influences Diagnosis In addition to differences in social anxiety that come about directly from varying cultures, research has shown that mental health professionals may differ in how they diagnose social anxiety disorder depending on their culture. In certain cultures, there are even specific types of disorders that are similar to social anxiety disorder. For example, in Japan and Korea, there is Taijin Kyofusho (TKS), which refers to worry about being observed or offending other people. Those with TKS generally avoid a wide range of social situations. Whereas those with SAD fear embarrassing themselves, those with TKS fear embarrassing others (also known as an allocentric focus). Subtypes of TKS Sekimen-kyofu:  fear of blushingShubo-kyofu: fear of a deformed bodyJiko-shisen-kyofu: fear of ones own glanceJiko-shu-kyofu: fear of body odor There tend to be more males than females with TKS and those with the problem generally suffer from only one fear. While this might sound unusual to people from North America, this is because of cultural differences. Taijin Kyofusho: Japanese Social Phobia Differences in Responding to Treatment   There is no research evidence to support a difference in how people respond to treatment  for SAD among different cultures. However, research has shown that Asians in North America tend to delay treatment more than those of other cultures.   Social Anxiety Expression by Culture   In general, there are a number of aspects of culture that may affect the expression of social anxiety. For example, the degree of individualism (idocentric focus) versus collectivist orientation (allocentric focus) can be important. Collectivist societies tend to be more accepting of socially reticent behaviors, which makes sense in terms of the lower rates of SAD in Asian countries. In addition, those living in individualistic cultures will express social anxiety in terms of self-blame  while those in collectivistic cultures will experience more shame. A study of social anxiety in Chinese people indicated a unique symptom: fear of making others uncomfortable or influencing them in a way that is not beneficial. Understanding Collectivist Cultures A Word From Verywell Overall, social fears are dependent on the cultural context in which you live. If you are being evaluated for social anxiety disorder, it is important that your  mental health professional makes a diagnosis that takes into account your cultural and social context. What might be considered socially appropriate behavior in Japan will not be in the United States. Social anxiety should always be evaluated taking your culture into consideration. How Cultural Differences Influence Human Behavior

What Is A Vaccine And What Does It Do - 1622 Words

One day, a parent may make the choice to not to vaccinate their child. Regardless of the reason, this poses a severe threat to their child, not just medically but socially too. This also puts the public’s health at risk. A doctor may feel that they are being put into an ethically moral gray area when having to make a decision about what to do in this situation. According to the Hippocratic Oath, a doctor wants to do what’s within the best interest for the child and the public. Although it may be going against the autonomy of a parent if said family chooses not to vaccinate their child, doctors have a right for dismissal. This right ensure that he/she will do what’s ethically right for everyone involved, even if it may be against the†¦show more content†¦This schedule is designed to protect children at their most vulnerable states. If a parent chooses to give some vaccines to their child and not others, theses vaccines may not be beneficial anymore and co uld actually increase the chances of contracting diseases. These vaccines protect children and others from a multiplicity of ailments. The vaccines can protect someone from chickenpox, measles, pertussis, polio, rotavirus, and many more diseases. These ailments can often be life threatening, especially with a child of a young.3 It has been shown that when infants don’t receive the DTap vaccination their immunity to pertussis disease is decreased. Consequently, these children have a 19-fold to 28-fold chance of becoming infected with pertussis bacteria. This can cause brain damage, respiratory failure, or even death.4 In 2012 and 2013 the highest levels of pertussis were reported since 1955. A report from the CDC estimate that there were about 1.4 cases of pertussis per 1000 infants younger than 6 months old between the years 2012 and 2013. Out of 5351 cases of pertussis in children under 7 years old, 40 % of them either did not receive the pertusiss vaccination, or did not r eport being vaccinated.7 Recently an outbreak of measles was traced back to Disneyland theme parks in California. It has been reported by the CDC that 113 cases have been tied to the theme park as of

Rhetorical Analysis Of Steve Jobs Commencement Speech

Harmon 1 A Rhetorical Analysis of Steve Jobs Commencement Speech for Stanford Universitys Graduating Class of 2005: Jobs titled his speech Youve got to find what you love. Steve Jobs is best known as an American entrepreneur, inventor and industrial designer. He was the cofounder, chairman and CEO of Apple Inc. and founder, CEO and chairman of Pixar Animation Studios. Jobs and cofounder of Apple Inc. Steve Wozniak are wildly recognized as pioneers of the microcomputer revolution of the 1970s and 1980s. The Rhetorical Analysis is a prepared text of the Commencement Address delivered by Steve Jobs on June 12, 2005, published by Stanford News which is produced by the office of University Communications and updated daily on the web†¦show more content†¦Jobs found an effective way of balancing his use of Ethos, Pathos and Logos to control the delivery and receipt of his message. His tone is informal, he speaks in the first person singular to his audience (I) himself and (you) his audience to the components of (we) as equals. He constructed a persuasive rhetorical stance with the use of Ethos: The persona of the rhetor is larger than life, a world renowned an innovative genius in his field. A very credible and appropriate choice to excite college graduates. Isnt this an uncertain goal college graduates aspire to achieve? Yet from the onset of the speech, the rhetor engaged his audience with his use of pathos to soften the larger than life figure addressing them. First with his use of pathos announcing the title of the speech they would hear.‘You’ve Got to Find What You Love’ suggesting to his audience, this is not about me. It is about me only to the extent of aiding you on your journey to achieve your success. I am here for you today. After the traditional â€Å"I’m honored to be here and your University is one of the finest in the world he unified his audience and himself. We are both honored to be in the prescience of each other and we are both important people in the world. He immediately went a step forward with this rhetorical stance by sharing that he never graduated from college or attended a college graduation. Jobs announced his message was simple. Many rhetors have chosen to tell their story. That is notShow MoreRelatedSteve Jobs Stanford Commencement Speech Analysis1394 Words   |  6 PagesSteve Jobs’ Stanford Commencement Speech: Speak from the Heart A- Speaker and Subject Identification. When technology, innovative and new products subjects is brought up, a few names come to mind. Between these names is that of Steve Jobs, the founder of Pixar Animation, NeXT, and Apple, Steve Jobs, was widely known for changing the world of personal computers and electronic fields. His determination led to significant developments that have affected the lives of everyone of us. There is no denyingRead MoreSteve Jobs Commencement Speech Analysis1462 Words   |  6 PagesOn his commencement speech to Stanford students on June 12, 2005, Steve Jobs, the CEO of Apple computers and PIXAR animations, used carefully crafted inspirational anecdotes and rhetorical devices like ethos and pathos to move his audience to explore, follow their dream and do what they love no matter the odds. Jobs’ gave his commencement address at Stanford students graduation ceremony in 2005, which had an audience size of about 23000. The audience is composed of immensely diverse groups of peopleRead MoreArt of Public Speaking5805 Words   |  24 Pagesall major aspects of speech preparation and presentation. Throughout The Art of Public Speaking I have followed David Hume’s advice that one â€Å"who would teach eloquence must do it chiefly by examples.† Whenever possible, I have tried to show the principles of public speaking in action in addition to describing them. Thus you will find in the book a large number of narratives and extracts from speeches--set off from the text in a contrasting typeface. There are also many speech outlines and sample

The Philosophical Study of Morality Free Essays

Introduction Our behavior reflects on our personalities. Morality speaks of a system of action in regards to standards of right and wrong behavior. Morality describes the principle that presides our behavior. We will write a custom essay sample on The Philosophical Study of Morality or any similar topic only for you Order Now Without this principle, societies cannot survive for so long. In today’s Society, morality is frequently thought of as inseparability to a particular religious point of view. Moral describes the principle that controls our behavior. In everyday living, we are witnessing such crimes of killings. But we, the citizen of this country are looking for this as the usual that happens every day. And we’re not looking for the reason of those people who kill or commit crimes. We don’t really know what’s the reason behind it and if there’s no reason, but we judge them for no reason. What is moral being instead? Judging others or committing crimes? They are saying that we are religious country and they said that the person here is also religious, but how those people commit crimes if they are really religious? Does being religious can be a Moral person? Or Does Moral principle helps us being a Religious person? The word carries the concepts of: Moral Standards with regards to behaviour; Moral responsibility, referring to our conscience; and A moral identity or one who is capable of right or wrong action. It explored the action of morality and examines how people should live their lives in relation to others. Background of the Study According to www.allaboutphilosophy Morality as it relates to our behavior is important on three levels. Renowned thinker, scholar and author C.S Lewis defines them as: to ensure fair play and harmony between individuals, to help make us good people in order to have a good society, to keep us in a good relationship with the power that created us. Based on this definition, it’s clear that our belief is disapproving to our moral behavior. On point 1, Professor Lewis says most reasonable people agree. By point 2, however, we begin to see problems occurring. Consider the popular philosophy â€Å"I’m not hurting anyone but myself†, frequently used to excused bad personal choices. How can we be the good people we need to be if we persist in making these choices? Bad personal choices do hurt others. Point 3 is where most disagreement surfaces. Exposition of the problem There are different definition of morality, first is the moral standards it explains the right and wrong behavior of a human person the second is the moral responsibility it explains the conscience or the guilt of a human person, and thirdly is the moral identity it explains that each Human have their own decision and capable of right and wrong action or doing. Morality speaks about ethnics, principles, virtue, and goodness. Morality is very complicated to explain yet; morality always depicts our behavior it controls and limits us. Is Morality Objective? According to philosophynow.org/issues/115/Is_Morality_Objective Great moral philosopher differs about the character of morality. Immanuel Kant’s influential duty-based theory of ethnics maintains that truth-telling is universally binding on all of beings. In a pristine world a crystallized moral ideals, perhaps morality could be objective and universally binding on all people. However, we live in a world of moral flux, impermanence and flexibility. And it is because of this that morality is not nor could ever be objective. -Albert Filice, Scottsdale, AZ Morality is objective. That is, moral claims are true or false about aspects of human interaction that involve the ideas of rights and obligations. Further, the fundamental moral maxims apply universally, and reasonable people can agree on their truth. -John Talley, Rutherford on, NC. Is there any way to know the difference between right and wrong? Does religion have anything left to offer? From time to time we hear that the established churches are in bafflement that too often their leaders have nothing to say that’s applied and helpful where does the truth on these signify lie? The relationship between religion and morality has long been hotly debated. Does religion make us more moral? Is it Essential for morality? Does moral partiality emerge independently of religious intuitions? Philosophical Response A recent report in psychology today concluded â€Å"the most significant predictor of a person’s moral behavior may be religious commitment. People who consider themselves very religious were least likely to report deceiving their friends having extramarital affairs, cheating on their â€Å"programmed† in each of us. This is in keeping with the writings of Paul Apostle, who points out that even those who do not believe in God frequently obey God’s as given in the ten commandments, â€Å"for when gentiles, who do not have the law by nature do not have, these although not having law, are a law to themselves, who show the work of the law written in their hearts, their conscience also bearing witness and between themselves their thoughts accusing or else excusing themselves† (Romans 2:14-15; NKJV). Again those who do not believe in God are left with the only possible conclusion they can come to that our decision are based solely on our need to survive, what we call our conscience based on learned behavior, rather than part of a Devine design. Many scientific researchers have failed to disintegrate â€Å"religion† and â€Å"morality† into theoretically grounded elements; have adopted illiberal conceptions of key concepts in particular, sanitized conceptions of â€Å"prosocial† behaviour; and have neglected to consider the complex interplay between cognition and culture. They argue that to make progress, the categories â€Å"religion† and â€Å"morality† must be fractionated into a set of biologically and psychologically cogent traits, revealing the cognitive foundations that acclimate and obligate relevant cultural variants. Being religious doesn’t make us Moral person because we, in ourselves know if we commit mistake and if we are doing good deeds. Yes, doing right seems that you are having with the lord but doesn’t mean that we are moral. Being a moral is seeing in our action not only to our faith by our god. Every one of us have different definition of god, so that being a moral person is not depending on being a religious one. The question of whether or not morality claims religion is both topical and ancient. In the Euthyphro, Socrates famously asked whether goodness is loved by the god because it is good, or whether goodness is good because it is loved by the god. Although he favoured the former proposal, many others have argued that morality is dictated by, and indeed inconceivable without God: â€Å"If god does not exist, everything is permitted†. (Dostoevsky, 1880, 1990) According to Aristotle, there are two meaning of good. There is good absolutely and there is good for somebody. The first one is he/she was doing it because it is good. And the other one is doing it for others, in short doing it for a purpose or reason. In that based, we can judge the others by doing wrong because we are all people, maybe it is right for them because it was for their love ones. Conclusion Moral philosophy is the branch of philosophy that contemplates what is right and wrong. It explores the nature of morality and examines how people should live their lives in relation to others. Almost every day, the Philippine media are always flooded with stories of horror about people getting killed. Killing in itself is very dreadful but what makes it more alarming is the fact that most of the killings that took place in the Philippines were perpetuated not by hardened criminals but by policemen who were expected to protect the welfare of the people. According to the administration, most of those killings occurred in order to protect the lives of the policemen whose lives were at stake during their encounters with criminals. These said killings call to reignite the discussion about what can be said as morally right or morally wrong through looking at the mere essence of morality in this society. Right and wrong is determined by the particular set of principles or rules the relevant culture just happens to hold at the time. Is something right (or wrong) because the gods command it, or do the gods command it because it is right? According to Rights-based Theories, We are to act in accordance with a set of moral rights, which we possess simply by being human. The right to life does not require that we give what is needed to sustain life rather merely that we refrain from taking any action that would take life. How to cite The Philosophical Study of Morality, Papers

Naturalism Essays - Secularism, Philosophy Of Religion, Naturalism

Naturalism As defined by philosopher Paul Draper, naturalism is "the hypothesis that the natural world is a closed system" in the sense that "nothing that is not a part of the natural world affects it." More simply, it is the denial of the existence of supernatural causes. In rejecting the reality of supernatural events, forces, or entities, naturalism is the antithesis of supernaturalism, I.e. No god. Naturalism posits that all phenomena fall in the realm of four categories: space, time, matter and energy. Also all things come about because of cause and effect; because these things happen, this happens. For anything to proven to exist there must be empirical evidence for it, in other words tangible, physical evidence. This is where the supernatural I.e. God or anything of such, by a naturalistic stand point, cannot be verified; or no evidence to support such a claim. Naturalism differs from atheism in that most atheists will state straight up there is no god, naturalists will say that there is no evidence to support that claim. Plus I think, naturalist is a better term and doesn?t draw quite the negative reaction that atheist does. I personally use the two terms interchangeably, often times using atheist for shock value. I subscribe to this worldview, it is simple yet complex. It?s fulfilling to me yet stimulating; it urges me to go out and investigate this world. To be in awe of its natural processes its diversity of life. And for me, to do that, I had to become better educated in the realms of natural science